Table 1 COVID-19 pregnancy: maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes: Jan 2020 - Nov 2021

Age, median (IQR)

29 (25–33)

28 (24–33)

29 (27–33)

0.442

Parity, n, median (IQR) (n = 172)

1 (0–2)

1 (0–2)

1 (0–2)

0.292

Birth Facility

Health Park- level III maternity care and NICU

130 (75.1)

53 (74.6)

77 (75.5)

0.9

Cape Coral- level II maternity care

43 (24.9)

18 (25.4)

25 (24.5)

Ethnicity

Hispanic

71 (41)

33 (46.5)

38 (37.3)

0.338

Non-Hispanic

101 (58.4)

38 (53.5)

63 (61.8)

unknown

1 (0.6)

0 (0)

1 (1)

Race

Asian

2 (1.2)

1 (1.4)

1 (1)

0.772

Black

22 (12.7)

11 (15.5)

11 (10.8)

White

142 (82.1)

57 (80.3)

85 (83.3)

None of the above

5 (2.9)

2 (2.8)

3 (2.9)

unknown

2 (1.2)

0 (0)

2 (2)

Basal Metabolic Index (BMI)

Basal Metabolic Index (BMI), median (IQR)

31.1 (26.7–36.5)

31.2 (25.8–37.3)

30.95 (27.3–36.4)

0.907

BMI Group

Underweight (< 18.6)

1/170 (0.6)

0/70 (0)

1/100 (1)

0.727

Normal (18.6–24.9)

28/170 (16.5)

14/70 (20)

14/100 (14)

Overweight (25–29.9)

39/170 (22.9)

15/70 (21.4)

24/100 (24)

Obese ( > = 30)

102/170 (60)

41/70 (58.6)

61/100 (61)

Obesity Group

Obese (BMI 30.0–34.9)

49/102 (48.1)

19/41 (46.3)

30/61 (49.2)

0.368

Obese (BMI 35.0–39.9)

30/102 (29.4)

10/41 (24.4)

20/61 (32.8)

Obese (BMI > = 40.0)

23/102 (22.5)

12/41 (29.3)

11/61 (18)

Timing of COVID-19 Diagnosis

Diagnosed within 10 days after delivery

4 (2.3)

2 (2.8)

2 (2)

1

Diagnosed on the day of delivery

26 (15)

14 (19.7)

12 (11.8)

0.15

Diagnosed within 1–14 days prior to delivery

83 (48)

24 (33.8)

59 (57.8)

0.002

Diagnosed within 15–30 days prior to delivery

22 (12.7)

14 (19.7)

8 (7.8)

0.021

Diagnosed > 30 days prior to delivery

38 (22)

17 (23.9)

21 (20.6)

0.6

Required hospitalization due to COVID-19 before delivery

31/135 (23)

7/50 (14)

24/85 (28.2)

0.058

Clinical Status of known COVID-19 infection at admission that included delivery

Asymptomatic

32/ 163 (19.6)

8/67 (11.9)

24/96 (25)

0.039

Symptomatic

131/163 (80.4)

59/67 (88.1)

72/96 (75)

Newborn Outcome

Live Birth

171 (97.2)

71 (98.6)

100 (96.2)

0.65

Stillborn

5 (2.8)

1 (1.4)

4 (3.8)

Perinatal diagnoses

Third-trimester vaginal bleeding

6 (3.5)

2 (2.8)

4 (3.9)

1

Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy

29 (16.8)

14 (19.7)

15 (14.7)

0.385

Preterm – Labor

19 (11)

8 (11.3)

11 (10.8)

0.92

Other^b

11 (6.4)

7 (9.9)

4 (3.9)

0.115

Type of Labor

Spontaneous

131/167 (78.4)

50/65 (76.9)

81/102 (79.4)

0.703

Induced

36/167 (21.6)

15/65 (23.1)

21/102 (20.6)

Induction of Labor Maternal primary Indication

Post date (greater than 40 weeks 6 days)

4 (2.3)

1 (1.4)

3 (2.9)

0.645

Advance Maternal Age (age 35 and older)

3 (1.7)

3 (4.2)

0 (0)

0.067

Obesity (> 29.9)

6 (3.5)

5 (7)

1 (1)

0.043

Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy (preeclampsia/severe preeclampsia)

11 (6.4)

6 (8.5)

5 (4.9)

0.362

Pre-existing Maternal Disease

8 (4.6)

5 (7)

3 (2.9)

0.275

Vaginal Bleeding not related to abruption

1 (0.6)

0 (0)

1 (1)

1

Worsening maternal condition due to COVID-19

8 (4.6)

1 (1.4)

7 (6.9)

0.143

Other^c

14 (8.1)

6 (8.5)

8 (7.8)

0.885

Induction of Labor Fetal Indication

Intrauterine Growth Retardation

5 (2.9)

2 (2.8)

3 (2.9)

0.666

Macrosomia

3 (1.7)

2 (2.8)

1 (1)

0.569

Non-Reassuring Fetal Heart Tracing (category 2 and 3)

3 (1.7)

0 (0)

3 (2.9)

0.27

Other^d

4 (2.3)

2 (2.8)

2 (2)

0.544

Rupture of membranes

Spontaneous

61 (35.3)

26 (36.6)

35 (34.3)

0.755

Artificial

81 (46.8)

20 (28.2)

61 (59.8)

< 0.001

Prolong Rupture of Membrane

2 (1.2)

0 (0)

2 (2)

0.513

Meconium Stain Amniotic Fluid

5 (2.9)

2 (2.8)

3 (2.9)

1

Route of delivery

Vaginal

99 (57.2)

47 (66.2)

52 (51)

0.047

C-Section

74 (42.8)

24 (33.8)

50 (49)

Preterm delivery (includes stillbirth delivery^f)

45 (26)

12 (16.9)

33 (32.4)

0.023

Route of Delivery for Preterm Deliveries (n = 47)

Vaginal

14/47 (29.8)

5/12 (41.7)

9/35 (25.7)

0.465

C-Section

33/47 (70.2)

7/12 (58.3)

26/35 (74.3)

Type of labor among vaginal preterm delivery (n = 14)

Spontaneous

9/14 (64.3)

4/5 (80)

5/9 (55.6)

0.58

Induced

5/14 (35.7)

1/5 (20)

4/9 (44.4)

Type of labor among c-section preterm delivery (n = 33)

Spontaneous

30/33 (90.9)

6/7 (85.7)

24/26 (92.3)

0.523

Induced

3/33 (9.1)

1/7 (14.3)

2/26 (7.7)

C-Section parsed by term and preterm;n = 74

37 weeks or more

41/74 (55.4)

17/24 (70.8)

24/50 (48)

0.064

< 37 weeks

33/74 (44.6)

7/24 (29.2)

26/50 (52)

Cesarean section; maternal indications

Previous C-Section

32 (18.5)

14 (19.7)

18 (17.6)

0.73

Preexisting Maternal conditions^g

6 (3.5)

6 (8.5)

0

0.004

Worsening maternal conditions^h

31 (17.9)

8 (11.3)

23 (22.5)

0.057

Worsening maternal condition due to COVID-19

16 (9.2)

2 (2.8)

14 (13.7)

0.016

Labor Dystocia

8 (4.6)

3 (4.2)

5 (4.9)

1

Cesarean section; fetal indications

Non-Reassuring Fetal Heart Tracing or rate

26/33 (78.8)

7/13 (53.8)

19/20 (95)

0.008

Fetal Malpresentation

5/33 (15.2)

5/13 (38.5)

0 (0)

0.005

Otherⁱ

2/33 (6.1)

1/13 (7.7)

1 (5)

1

Postpartum Complication

Postpartum Hemorrhage

5 (2.9)

3 (4.2)

2 (2)

0.402

Hemorrhage required blood transfusion

3 (1.7)

2 (2.8)

1 (1)

0.569

Infection/Fever

1 (0.6)

1 (1.4)

0 (0)

0.41

Hypertensive Disorder of Pregnancy

2 (1.2)

0 (0)

2 (2)

0.513

Worsening COVID status

11 (6.4)

2 (2.8)

9 (8.8)

0.203

Wound complication if C-Section

1 (0.6)

0 (0)

1 (1)

1

Other/ mastitis/ diabetes

6 (3.5)

3 (4.2)

3 (2.9)

0.69

Maternal Disposition

Discharge home

171 (98.8)

70 (98.6)

101 (99)

0.654

Transferred to another facility

2 (1.2)

1 (1.4)

1 (1)