Table 2 Multivariable Regression Results for Bangladesh and Nepal
Factors | Multivariable Regression Results | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bangladesh | Nepal | |||||
OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
Maternal Age at Birth (in years) | ||||||
11–19 | REF | REF | ||||
20–34 | 0.78 | (0.53, 1.15) | 0.209 | 1.75 | (1.09, 2.83) | 0.022 |
35+ | 0.76 | (035, 1.65) | 0.489 | 1.36 | (0.31, 5.99 | 0.604 |
Parity | ||||||
1 | REF | REF | ||||
2–3 | 1.38 | (0.96, 1.99) | 0.082 | 0.74 | (0.50, 1.09) | 0.127 |
4+ | 1.14 | (0.51, 2.52) | 0.75 | 0.46 | (0.25, 0.88) | 0.019 |
Gender of the Child | ||||||
Male | REF | |||||
Female | 0.90 | (0.67, 1.25) | 0.52 | 1.06 | (0.74, 1.51) | 0.750 |
Mother’s Highest Level of Education | ||||||
None | REF | |||||
Primary | 0.83 | (0.34, 2.01) | 0.679 | 1.06 | (0.60, 1.87) | 0.851 |
Secondary and Higher | 1.16 | (0.51, 2.64) | 0.716 | 0.99 | (0.58, 1.68) | 0.971 |
Residence | ||||||
Urban | REF | |||||
Rural | 1.08 | (0.70, 1.66) | 0.729 | 0.71 | (0.49, 1.04) | 0.081 |
Religion (Bangladesh/Nepal) | ||||||
Hinduism | ||||||
Islam/Buddhism | REF | 0.86 | (0.30, 2.46) | 0.782 | ||
Other | 1.24 | (0.73, 2.12) | 0.429 | 0.71 | (0.36, 1.39) | 0.319 |
Wealth Index | ||||||
Poorest | REF | |||||
Poorer | 1.11 | (0.68, 1.83) | 0.678 | 0.84 | (0.50, 1.39) | 0.497 |
Middle | 1.23 | (0.72, 2.10) | 0.455 | 1.02 | (0.58, 1.82) | 0.937 |
Richer | 1.08 | (0.61, 1.93) | 0.783 | 0.38 | (0.21, 0.69) | 0.001 |
Richest | 1.35 | (0.74, 2.48) | 0.327 | 0.46 | (0.24, 0.88) | 0.020 |
Subnational Levels (Bangladesh/Nepal) | ||||||
Barisal/Province 1 | REF | |||||
Chittagong/Madhesh | 0.55 | (0.31, 1.00) | 0.050 | 0.78 | (0.41, 1.48) | 0.445 |
Dhaka/Bagmati | 0.50 | (0.26, 0.96) | 0.036 | 1.94 | (1.04, 3.61) | 0.037 |
Khulna/Gandaki | 0.70 | (0.35, 1.40) | 0.311 | 2.04 | (0.96, 4.36) | 0.065 |
Mymensing/Lumbini | 0.37 | (0.18, 0.75) | 0.006 | 1.07 | (0.57, 2.02) | 0.833 |
Rajshahi/Karnali | 0.37 | (0.16, 0.82) | 0.015 | 1.93 | (0.98, 3.82) | 0.058 |
Rangpur/Sudur | 0.55 | (0.26, 1.16) | 0.117 | 3.04 | (1.57, 5.89) | 0.001 |
Sylhet | 0.51 | (0.28, 0.95) | 0.033 | |||
Number of ANC Visits | ||||||
< 4 | REF | |||||
4+ | 0.86 | (0.60, 1.22) | 0.399 | 2.39 | (1.51, 3.77) | 0.000 |
Health Facility Delivery | ||||||
Non-Health Facility | REF | |||||
Health Facility | 2.39 | (1.38. 4.12) | 0.002 | 4.79 | (2.98, 7.68) | 0.000 |
C-Section Delivery | ||||||
No | REF | |||||
Yes | 1.64 | (1.05, 2.55) | 0.029 | 1.19 | (0.63, 2.26) | 0.590 |
Other Non-Harmful Substances Applied | ||||||
No | REF | NA | ||||
Yes | 1.49 | (1.05, 2.10) | 0.025 | |||
Harmful Substances Applied | ||||||
No | REF | |||||
Yes | 0.96 | (0.56, 1.66) | 0.889 | 0.46 | (0.29, 0.74) | 0.001 |